justice to be vindicated. And at the cross God accomplished this. God took that guilt and punishment upon himself in loving and willing self-substitution through the person of his own Son. For “the LORD has laid on him / the iniquity of us all” (Is 53:6), and Christ “himself bore our sins in his body on the tree” (1 Pet 2:24). The cross is the place of personal pardon, forgiveness and justification for guilty sinners. • to defeat the powers of evil and all the forces (angelic, spiritual, “seen or